Block+1

=Block 1= October 9, 2008 Chapter Two Study Guide 1. atom 2. proton, neutron, elecron positive neutral, negative newdevs newcleuse elcton cloud 3.Isotopes atoms of the same element, but they differ in the number of neutrons. 4.2 first level 6 inthe second. 5. unequal distribution of electrical charge. 6. positively charged negatevely charge. 7. positively charge +2 negatively charged-5. 8. opposite charged atoms attrach each other 9. 70% of the human body is made of water 10. water is inorganic because it doesnt have carbon 11. it takes water longer to heat up because it has the ablility to absorb more heat and hold on to it longer 12. water is the ability to dissolve many substances is important to the body because it dissolves a substance and always move between cells 13. most acidic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 most neutral 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 most basic < the pH scale 14. lactose= glucose+galactose 15. carbohydrates- monosaccharides lipids protein- animo acids nuclecic acids- nucleotides

16. Cellulose and starch are polysaccharides fournd in plants. 17.Glycogen is stored in the liver or muscle. 18.Cellulose is found around plant cells in the cell wall. 19. The function of a fat is to store energy. 20. The difference between a satutated and unsatutated fat is that saturated fat has single bonds between the carbons and unsaturated fats have double bonds between the carbons. 21. Saturated fats are solids at room temp. for ex. bacon grease, crisco or butter. Unsaturated fats are liquids at room temp.for ex.plants oils such as corn oil, peanut oil and olive oil. 22. Phospholipids make up the cells membrane. 23.Cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone are some naturally occuring steriods found in the body. 24. The four function of protien is Structural( hair, muscles) Defend aganist infections Transportion(carrie oxgen in blood) Enzymes( speed up checimal reaction) 25. The three parts to every nucleotide is sugar,base.phosphate 26.ATP 27. Light, heat, chemical, mechicanical,and electrical. 28. look in your notes from wedensday 29. speed up chemical reaction most are protien the jobs of the enzyme. 30. the type of biomolecule a enzyme is, is a protein. 31.The three steps of enzyme action: -Substrate attatches to the active site. -Enzymes reduse activation energy -Enzmye is released and can be reused 32.Temprature and pH levels are the only things that can alter enzyme activity. 33.If a word ends in ose it is a sugar. 34.If a word ends in ase it is an enzyme.

September 24, 2008

Chapter One Study Guide

Vocabulary:

1. Observation- reconizing events using senses 2. Hypothesis- A theory of explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested. 3. Experiment- to test trial or tentative procedure 4. Data- Individual facts distance items 5. Control group- A group that serves as a standard 6. Independent Variable- the group that is tested on 7. Dependent Variable- the variable that is counted 8. Analysis- to study the nature of something 9. Conclusion- the end close, finial part 10. Organism- A form of life 11. Biology- The study of life 12. Bios- life 13 Ology- The study of 14. Cell-highly organized,tiny structure surrounded by a membrane 15- Metabolism-The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism 16 Homeostasis-Mantaining a stable internal enviorment inspite of changing external factors 17. Mutation- A change in the DNA of a gene. 18. Gene- A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific heredity trait. 19. Heredity- The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. 20. DNA- Genetic code of life 21.Evolution- A change in characteristics of a population from one generation to the next. 22. Interdependence- Organisms are dependent of other organisms and their environment 23. Species- A group of genetically smilar orgaisms that can produce fertile offsprings. 24. Natural slection- The process by which individual that have favarble varitation and.are better adaption to there environment

Short Answer:

2. One factor that the body keeps at a stable level is the body temperture and the stable level is 98.6 3. All mutations are not bad because the mutatuion of the blood, homogoblins, prevent malaria 4.the proo that a tiger and a lion do not belong to hte same species is that when htey breed their offspring is called a liger and does not have a reproduction track 5.observation are made by using your senses to study a odject 6. You can not use we,us,you,etc. Use an educate guess using info already know. 7. control group doent change, the variable can be change and one is dependent on another 8. Questions predictions and hypothesises experimentation some hypotesises are supported some hypothesises are rejected related hypothesises are varified by many theory 9. Write out in a simple way and in past tense. 10. When writing a procedure you must be clear and specific so that someone can reproduce the experiment.

Application of Knowledge:

1 a. If the sugar is added to the water, then the heart rate of the daphnia will increase. 1b. If glue is added to the water, then glue will slow down the heart rate of the daphnia. 1c. If the water temperature is cooler, then the heart rate will be slower. 2. Control: daphnia at room temperature Independent variable: cooler water at thirty degrees F Dependent variable : heart rate of the daphnia

Control: Original gum Independent varialbe: new gum Dependent variable: how long the gum lasts

Control: Wisk Independent variable: Tide Dependent variable: amount of grass

Procedure:

1. Recieved daphnia from teacher and took them to the table. 2. Used pipette to transfer one daphnia to a slide. 3. Placed the slide on the microscope and counted the heart rate for 10 seconds. 4. The numbers were recorded. 5. Repeated this with 5 more daphnia.